Statistical comparison of trace metal concentrations in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) in selected sites of Galicia and Gulf of Biscay (Spain)

Concentrations of five trace metals (Cd, Hg, Pb, Cu and Zn) in wild mussels (Mytilus galloprovincialis) from the Galician and Gulf of Biscay areas in Spain were monitored from 2000 to 2004. A pool of mussel soft tissue was prepared using 50 or more individuals representing the available size range (35–60 mm) present at the sampling points (A Coruña, Pontevedra and Vigo–Galicia, NW of Spain—and Avilés, Bilbao and Santander–Gulf of Biscay). Metals were analysed by atomic absorption spectrometry, AAS, (flame–AAS: Cu and Zn; graphite furnace–AAS: Cd and Pb; flow injection-cold vapour–AAS: total Hg). Quality of the chemical analyses was assessed by participation in periodic QUASIMEME intercalibration exercises carried out from 2000 to 2004, while the present study was developed . Univariate statistical studies, Anova (Analysis of the Variance) and Principal Component Analysis (autoscaled data, Varimax rotation) were carried out. Differences between the two areas as well as certain temporal trends were found and, in general, the Gulf of Biscay samples showed higher metallic contents, mainly close to Avilés, where iron and steel factories thrown residues for years into a nearby coastal area.     

接触网补偿装置存在问题的分析及解决办法

随着近年来铁路高速的发展,接触网大滑轮补偿器在新建和既有线广泛应用,针对其在运营过程中存在的问题,分析了产生缺陷的原因,并提出了改进建议。     

Influence of polygonal wear of railway wheels on the wheel set axle stress

The coupled vehicle/track dynamic model with the flexible wheel set was developed to investigate the effects of polygonal wear on the dynamic stresses of the wheel set axle. In the model, the railway vehicle was modelled by the rigid multibody dynamics. The wheel set was established by the finite element method to analyse the high-frequency oscillation and dynamic stress of wheel set axle induced by the polygonal wear based on the modal stress recovery method. The slab track model was taken into account in which the rail was described by the Timoshenko beam and the three-dimensional solid finite element was employed to establish the concrete slab. Furthermore, the modal superposition method was adopted to calculate the dynamic response of the track. The wheel/rail normal forces and the tangent forces were, respectively, determined by the Hertz nonlinear contact theory and the Shen–Hedrick–Elkins model. Using the coupled vehicle/track dynamic model, the dynamic stresses of wheel set axle with consideration of the ideal polygonal wear and measured polygonal wear were investigated. The results show that the amplitude of wheel/rail normal forces and the dynamic stress of wheel set axle increase as the vehicle speeds rise. Moreover, the impact loads induced by the polygonal wear could excite the resonance of wheel set axle. In the resonance region, the amplitude of the dynamic stress for the wheel set axle would increase considerably comparing with the normal conditions.     

钢-混凝土组合梁结构安全分析

该文结合一座上跨一交通繁忙路口的钢一混凝土组合连续箱梁,详细介绍钢一混凝土组合连续梁的结构设计、施工工序,并采用合理的计算理论、模型进行结构安全分析,总结了钢一混凝土组合连续梁的优点,对今后同类型桥梁的设计提供参考.     

Wear simulation for the centre plate arrangement of a freight car

The bodies of many railway freight cars in many countries of the world are coupled to the running gear by means of a body centre plate that makes a friction pair with a centre bowl. During motion, the bogie is rotated and moved with respect to the car body. This leads to wear on the contact surfaces. Lubrication is inexpedient in this case because the friction forces damp the vibrations (so-called bogie hunting) during motion. Usually, centre plates exhibit noticeable wear after two years of operation. Reducing wear requires knowing details of the wear process which, in turn, requires computer simulation of freight car motion for an operation period of 10–15 years. The purpose of this paper is to develop a universal method for wear simulation of friction pairs that could be used, in particular, for the centre plate of a freight car.     

金凤隧道监控量测技术及数据分析

以金凤隧道为例介绍了隧道监控量测的目的和意义、内容和方法,并对监测数据进行了分析。结果表明隧道在开挖期间围岩周边收敛、拱顶沉降、钢支撑内力、围岩位移等监测指标随时间的变化规律基本一致,都经历了加速、稳定、再次加速、最终稳定四个阶段,稳定值均在规范要求的范围内,说明隧道初期支护合理,可安全进行二衬施工。     

Assessment of the influence of the elastic properties of rail vehicle suspensions on safety,ride quality and track fatigue

A sensitivity analysis has been performed to assess the influence of the elastic properties of railway vehicle suspensions on the vehicle dynamic behaviour. To do this, 144 dynamic simulations were performed modifying, one at a time, the stiffness and damping coefficients, of the primary and secondary suspensions. Three values were assigned to each parameter, corresponding to the percentiles 10, 50 and 90 of a data set stored in a database of railway vehicles. After processing the results of these simulations, the analysed parameters were sorted by increasing influence. It was also found which of these parameters could be estimated with a lesser degree of accuracy in future simulations without appreciably affecting the simulation results. In general terms, it was concluded that the highest influences were found for the longitudinal stiffness and the lateral stiffness of the primary suspension, and the lowest influences for the vertical stiffness and the vertical damping of the primary suspension, with the parameters of the secondary suspension showing intermediate influences between them.     

手动油泵溢油问题的工艺分析及解决

本文针对生产现场出现的液压手动油泵排气孔溢油现象,从液压翻转机构工作原理出发,分析手动油泵溢油产生的原因,使问题得以解决,取得良好效果。     

浅析涂装涂膜缺陷分析工具及方法

文章结合涂装车间生产现场实例,介绍了涂膜缺陷在线放大观察法,偏光显微镜法,逐层打磨+在线放大观察法,断面取样+显微放大法,扫描电镜+能谱分析仪法所使用工具,操作方法,优缺点及实例图片,对涂膜缺陷分析具有一定得指导意义。     

230m网状吊杆组合梁拱桥设计分析

深汕大桥为主跨230 m网状吊杆钢混组合梁拱桥,主梁采用钢-混组合脊骨梁断面,全宽56 m,大挑臂长18 m;主拱采用二次抛物线拱轴线,六边形截面,拱高41.273 m,矢跨比为1/5.5。大桥为网状吊杆在市政超宽桥面桥梁中的首次尝试运用,对拱轴线、矢跨比、拱截面形式、拱高、拱倾角、风撑设置、吊杆间距、主梁形式等参数进行了比选分析。